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The global market for rolling stock Passenger Information Systems (PIS) is booming. Every day, billions of people rely on these systems to navigate their travels. From simple seat availability data to complex station-specific broadcasts, these systems form the backbone of modern transportation logistics. This article aims to enlighten the reader about the top ten global companies that lead the PIS market for rolling stock.

Before the merger of CNR and CSR, the major locomotive and rolling stock manufacturers in China were the manufacturing companies under these two groups. The two major manufacturers of locomotives are CRRC SIFANG and CRRC CHANGCHUN Railway Vehicles Co.,ltd. In 2004, in the China Harmony technology introduction negotiation, because foreign technology manufacturers could not be bidders, they had to participate in the bidding by joint venture or technology transfer with domestic manufacturers. In this process, Bombardier was the first to set up Qingdao Sifang Bombardier Railway Transportation Equipment Co. After that, Sifang Locomotive and Kawasaki Heavy Industries joined hands to focus on the CRH2 series. Changchun Railway Vehicle, which initially wanted to cooperate with Siemens, turned to Alstom because the negotiations did not go well; Siemens made a compromise in 2005 and joined hands with Tangshan Railway Bus to produce CRH3C. In 2004 and 2005, China's rolling stock manufacturers formed a four-company pattern through two technology introductions. The former China North Railway Group's CRRC changhun railway and CRRC tangshan and China South Railway Group's Sifang Locomotive and BST. Later, China South Railway and North Railway merged to form the China Railway Group, but these four companies manufacture most of China's rolling stock. In the era of "Fuxing"locomotives, Puzhen vehicles joined the production team again.

The intensity of the war between Russia and Ukraine is expanding beyond the battlefield. Following the financial sanctions marked by SWIFT, the IT, automotive, chemical, media, sports, education, and entertainment sectors have also been sanctioned one after another, up to the "cut-off" sanctions in the energy sector. Recently, the rail sector has joined the ranks of these sanctions. The International Union of Railways UIC has kicked former Russian Railways RZD, Belarusian railroad company BCh kicked out of the UIC membership list. The war between Russia and Ukraine is expected to significantly impact the rail industry in the coming years, not only in Europe, and Azure Track Rail brings you a complete analysis.

Abstract: The pantograph is a piece of crucial traveling equipment for electrified railways. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the contact network, we must improve the accuracy of the technical parameters of the pantograph maintenance in the process of contact network operation and maintenance and continuously improve the operation quality and safety reliability of the pantographs.